Whereas the Gospels of Matthew and John result from a "witness" model, Mark's and Luke's come from what we might describe as a "historian" model of inspiration. Luke tells us candidly that his story of Jesus did not come through visions and dreams, but through research. "Inasmuch as many have taken in hand to set in order a narrative of those things which have been fulfilled among us . . . it seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write to you an orderly account, most excellent Theophilus" (Luke 1:1-3).

In the historian model, God inspires the prophet to look [p. 23] for information in sources such as historical records, eyewitness accounts, and oral or written recollections. We may be assured that He leads His servants to go to reliable persons, to ask the right questions, and to quote from the proper sources.

Apart from Mark and Luke, books such as Acts, Exodus, Joshua, Ezra, and Esther illustrate how some historical records, including travel diaries, became part of the inspired writings. Neither Moses nor Luke needed a special revelation to record the history of the Exodus or the apostolic church. However, the Lord knew those narratives would not only encourage His people at later times but also counsel and warn them. Consequently, He inspired His servants to record those travels and circumstances surrounding God's people.

The historian model of inspiration also allows us to better understand why Ellen White included historical records--many times from secular sources--within her inspired writings. A secular quotation becomes an integral part of an inspired writing not because of an alchemistic change in substance, but because of the freedom God allows the prophet to use whatever source he or she considers necessary to make the final text of the message clear and complete.

The historian model of inspiration helps us to understand the use of religious sources other than visions and prophetic dreams. Just as Luke went to religious people in search of information about the story of Jesus, Ellen White went to religious books looking for expressions and literary figures that would allow her to give "a ready and forcible presentation of the subject" she had been inspired to present.[5]

[5] The Great Controversy, p. xii.